respectively among HUF. Rhizosphere effect for TF was 3.1-fold Soil microbial community structure represents a complex and variable association among different levels of biological organizations [9]. and Azospirrillum spp. HUF save for Paecilomyces sp. Communities were characterized by soil fatty acid analysis and by substrate utilization assays for bacteria and fungi. It concluded that in spite of the continuing deterioration of the crisis into anarchy, terror Rhizosphere bacteria were isolated using the soil dilution plate method on nutrient agar, centrimide agar, yeast extract mannitol agar, and formulated media specific for Acidobacterium spp. Light 7. The addition of Tween 80 led to a respiration rate that peaked in 48 days compared to 88 days for the bioaugmented system and respiration declined rapidly due to nitrogen depletion. Modifications in the count and activity of microorganisms may lead to upsetting the biological equilibrium of soil, which in turn depresses its fertility. Then, samples of contamination-free Fluvo-aquic soil were collected from the same area and mixed with 15 g μ kg-1 petroleum for pot experiment to study effects of the microorganisims and plants on remediation of the petroleum contaminated soil. The results show that the desert soil required bioaugmentation and biostimulation for bioremediation of crude oil. were no significant difference occurred (P ˂ 0.05). Soil PH (H-ion Concentration) 8. heavier fractions will accumulate in the sediment at bottom of the water, which may affect bottom-feeding fish and organisms. Active substances found in many herbicides may hamper the rate of a series of biochemical processes, interfering with the soil enzymatic activity and microbial growth. the soil with time on 16 cells. Risk communication has been identified as a significant factor in explaining why the health consequences of environmental degradation remain unabated in oil producing communities. To cushion this suppressive effects, plants were subjected to the following, Backgroud of Study 57%, 40. Bacterial isolates with high tolerance and sorption capacity were subsequently inoculated as consortium and individually into duplicate soils samples planted with elephant grass containing 4000 g of soil in pots at concentration of 6.118 mg/Kg of cadmium. Microbial remediation which is the first line of defense against oil pollution in the [3.4] hydrocarbon contaminated site depends utmost on the microbial community structure. In this review, evidence from traditional and modern omics technologies is discussed to provide a framework for plant-microbe interactions during PHCs remediation. Food and energy supply 10. With in defined limits biological activity increases with increasing temperature. studied. Evaluation of soil microbial communities as influenced by crude oil pollution Impact of petroleum pollution in a vulnerable Niger Delta ecosystem was investigated to assess interactions in a first-generation phytoremediation site of a crude oil freshly-spilled agricultural soil. Cadmium removal was in the order: Bacterial consortium > Bacillus sp. 1. Thus, growth of these plants can be enhanced in crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation. P. australis , E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. 0000007751 00000 n Bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of elephant grass thus enhanced the removal of cadmium from contaminated soil. Treatments having different alphabet for HUB an, fertilizer + microorganisms (hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi) + sola, Table 3: Crude oil degradation rates in contaminated soils, oil + fertilizer + microorganisms (hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi) + solarisa, on TPH and TOC indicated that the soil have, populations of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria, and fungi went on a downward trend after 90. days of soil contamination and treatments. Positive soil ... burnt afterwards) soil in Oshie community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. However, the negative impacts of the introduction of unwanted byproducts into the ecological system during oil exploration and exploitation by way of relentless flaring of gas and oil spillage cannot be ignored. Global flaring and venting of petroleum–associated gas is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions and airborne contaminants that has proven difficult to mitigate over the years. and qualitatively using soil, Little is known about Niger Delta plant species that can adapt to survive in oil-contaminated soil. Niger Delta … 0000001611 00000 n recombinant genes to other microorganisms. T. viride had the fastest mycelia extensional growth rate (0.59 and 0.41 mm/h) on PDA and OMA 67%. This review focuses on phytoremediation with particular interest on the interactions between and use of plant – associated bacteria to restore PHC polluted sites. significantly higher than their corresponding HUF populations (P ˂ 0.05). © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. Among the nine plants tested only E. crassipes, P. australis and S. officinarum survived for the 120-day period of the study at 6% w/w contamination. In return, plant-associated microorganisms improve plant growth by reducing soil toxicity through contaminant removal, producing plant growth promoting metabolites, liberating sequestered plant nutrients from soil, fixing nitrogen, and more generally establishing the foundations of soil nutrient cycling. Results and Discussion 0000002654 00000 n 1) is located within Latitudes 5 0 45’ and 635’, and longitudes 40 50’ and 50 15’, in the central part of Southern Nigeria and has Some organisms found in the water (primary bacteria and fungi) may break down some of the petroleum hydrocarbon fractions. 35 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 37 /H [ 1240 371 ] /L 224685 /E 139718 /N 7 /T 223867 >> endobj xref 35 40 0000000016 00000 n Soil microbial community composition in the restoration zone also differed significantly from those in the petroleum exploitation zone and tidal zone. and Azospirillum sp., among rhizosphere isolates. The ability of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of elephant grass to enhance removal of cadmium from contaminated soil was evaluated. Factors affecting the population . Bacterially-driven PHC bioremediation is attributed to the presence of diverse suites of metabolic genes for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, along with a broader suite of physiological properties including biosurfactant production, biofilm formation, chemotaxis to hydrocarbons, and flexibility in cell-surface hydrophobicity. dilution plate method and direct plating of serially washed root segments on PDA and It is the largest wetland and maintains the third-largest drainage basin in Africa. This community is a host to a major oil company in Nigeria. nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) in the face of excess PHC carbon. Petroleum exploration and production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta region and export of oil and gas resources by the petroleum sector has substantially improved the nation’s economy over the past five decades. There are several published works on biodegradation of hydrocarbon by mangrove soil microbial isolates from the Niger Delta but information on their ability to The residual hydrocarbon in the biopile systems studied contained polyaromatics (PAH) in quantities that may be considered as hazardous. 0000014975 00000 n 0000002002 00000 n Crude oil spills endanger fish hatcheries in coastal water and also contaminate valuable fish. 0000012219 00000 n 0000013610 00000 n Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, Nigeria, Corresponding author: ubomon@yahoo.co.uk; +234-806-437-1271, populations rose continuously throughout the study, hy, sites desolate lands (Kadafa, 2012). Soil microorganisms, prokaryotics and eukaryotics, spend all or part of their lives in the soil environment [9]. It is part of the Niger Delta province which occurs at the southern part of Nigeria bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Microbial associations. DOI: 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00085 mangroves, freshwater swamp, lowland rainforest and creeks. The experiment was designed to have three treatments, (1) adding microorganisms, (2) growing plants, and (3) growing plants plus adding microorganisms. 0000010869 00000 n oxygen) and fertilization to supply limiting nutrients (e.g. Six All rights reserved. Bacterial populations were consistently higher than fungal for all applied treatments (P ˂ 0.05). 0000086613 00000 n However, the P-value less than 0.05 for crude oil contaminated soil at 4.5% which indicated that the water hyacinth may be necessary for remediating crude oil contaminated soil above 3 -4.5%. 0000016183 00000 n Our findings indicate that apart from compromising the air quality, air pollution in the region may have effects such as the formation of acid rain, water pollution, soil pollution and impacts on plants and wild life, and recently contributing to the global warming effects. Results indicated that treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum ; while root length, leaf area in E. crassipes were statistically the same for PS, PSO, PSOFM and PSOFMS (P ˂ 0.05). 0000010373 00000 n These were studied comparatively for 120 days for culturable (aerobic, mesophilic) heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-utilizing microbial populations, and soil residual TPH. Thus, growth of these plants can be enhanced in crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation. Azosprillum sp. Abstract: The effectiveness of bioaugmentation using a consortium of indigenous hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms in conjunction with NPK fertilization for localized remediation of crude-oil polluted rainforest soil was investigated by subjecting soil to these treatments: soil (S); soil + oil (SO); soil + oil + fertilizer (SOF); soil + oil + fertilizer + microorganisms (hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi) (SOFM); soil + oil + fertilizer + microorganisms (hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi) + solarisation (SOFMS). than in bulk soil. Pertinent biodegradation rates were recalculated on the basis of the stoichiometric reaction (mass balance equation) and conversion equation. Overall, growth enhancement efficiencies of the applied treatments were in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF ˃ PSOFMS. 2 † Bacillus sp. In soils impacted by PHC contamination, microbial bioremediation generally relies on the addition of high-energy electron acceptors (e.g. Results indicated that while culturable heterotrophic populations rose continuously throughout the study, hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial and fungal populations increased up to day-90 before diminishing in contaminated soils. In a practical and applied sense, the collective action of plants and their associated microorganisms is advantageous for remediation of PHC contaminated soil in terms of overall cost and success rates for in situ implementation in a diversity of environments. 0000008734 00000 n 0000006195 00000 n 0000018938 00000 n The potential for integrating multiple molecular and computational techniques to evaluate linkages between microbial communities, plant communities and ecosystem processes is explored with an eye on. The control system gave 4% TPH reduction. 1 † Bacillus sp. The effect of oil concentration on height, root length and leaf area growth varied with plant species (P ˂ 0.05). The Niger Delta extends from longitude 3.5E to 8.45E and latitude 4.5N to 5.65N and covers an area of approximately 36, 260km2 (i.e. The survival of these plants in oil-contaminated soils indicates that they could be used for rhizoremediation in the Niger Delta. Previous remediation attempts in the area had failed due to erroneous operational conclusions (such as conclusions by oil industry operators that the Niger Delta soil is covered by a layer of clay and as such oil percolation remains within the top soil and makes remediation by enhanced natural attenuation (RENA) suitable for the region) and the adoption of incompatible and ineffective … Contaminated soil was collected from a former military airport in Kluczewo, Poland. factors such as non-availability of conventional building materials, cost of transportation, ... affordable buildings in the riverine rural Niger delta communities. duration of solarisation was 43.0 ± 2.5 ºC. Rhizoremediation dependends at least in part on the ability of root zones mycoflora to utilize pollutant(s). Enhanced rhizoremediation was more effective than biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques. culturable fungal species were identified as HUF out of the eight isolated fungi from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane 0000003322 00000 n Soil moisture 4. The biostimulated system with indigenous micro-organisms gave 23% reduction in TPH. Also, the time effect of the remediation process had P-value less than 0.05 for 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% crude oil contamination signifying that the time factor play important role in the remediation process. 0000001240 00000 n 0000008245 00000 n 0000003611 00000 n Whiteman, W., Goodfellow, M., Kampfer, ... Where, C i = Initial cadmium concentration, C f = Final cadmium concentration Determination of the effect of augmentation with rhizospheric bacteria on the removal of cadmium from soil The method described by, The effect of water hyacinth on the remediation of crude oil contaminated soil was studied ex-situ for 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% crude oil contaminated soil (Heavy Crude) obtained from the Niger Delta region. The volume of the different percentages of crude oil contamination was equivalent to 3.17, 6.35 and 9.70l/m 2 of land area respectively. Treatments PSOFM and SFOM recorded the highest TPH loss with daily residual TPH loss in the order as follows: E. crassipes (49.20 mg/kg/day) ˃ P. australis (44.64 mg/kg/day) ˃ unplanted soil (40.32 mg/kg/day). 0000010130 00000 n Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7.5% of Nigeria's total land mass. There, contaminated soils. Micrococcus sp. 2 Aspergillus sp. Same was done for uninoculated contaminated control. Different treatments for culturable heterotrophic bacteria and fungi respectively, having same alphabet are statistically the same (n = 25, ANOVA, P ˂ 0.05). Soil temperature 5. 67% and 38. 0000079902 00000 n 0000004777 00000 n Soil temperature: Temperature directly affects the activity of the soil biota by determining the rate of physiological activity such as enzyme activity and indirectly by affecting physico-chemical properties such as diffusion & solubility of nutrients, mineral weathering and evaporation rates and so on. However, activities associated with petroleum exploration, development and production operations have local detrimental and significant impacts on the atmosphere, soils and sediments, surface and groundwater, marine environment, biologically diversity and sustainability of terrestrial ecos… This is performed with the help of diverse group of microorganisms, particularly the indigenous bacteria present in soil that thrives on the ability to enrich. 0000001590 00000 n in the root zones (rhizosphere and rhizoplane) and non-rhizosphere soil of S. officinarum were assessed quantitatively The Niger Delta region is the oil producing area of Nigeria, which consists of highly diverse ecosystems that are supportive of numerous species of terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora. Floods are caused by many factors: Heavy Analysis of the collected data also showed that, between 1999 and 2010, 742,983,000 m3 of gas was produced, equivalent to $192 billion if harnessed and 587,375,000 m3 flared, representing $151.3 billion loss of revenue. antagonistic interactions and bacteriophage, Delta State, Nigeria, at 0 to 15 cm depth, Bioremediation studies was carried out by, Soils contamination in pots were prepared. p> P. australis , E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. 0% after 120 days; in Treatment 2, it was 38. Root zones of S. officinarum parades significant fungal populations capable of utilizing petroleum hydrocarbon There were 44.4, 71.8, 74.7, and 67.5, and 50.5, 71.8, 82.3, and 71.8% reduction in residual TPH in soil planted with P. australis and E. crassipes respectively for treatments PSO, PSOF, PSOFM, and PSOFMS as against 20.0, 62.6, 67.5, and 67.5% losses in SO, SOF, SOFM, and SOFMS. Degradation remain unabated in oil producing communities relate to its petroleum and industry grass enhanced... To be a limiting nutrient in desert soil bioremediation with increased concentration of concentration... Affecting the population trend of biodiversity in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF PSOFMS! ) ( triplicates ): two sets planted with P. australis, E. crassipes, and one unplanted C.. Efficient rhizoremediation are depressed different percentages of crude oil between 1970 and 2010 rate of was. In defined limits biological activity increases with increasing temperature plant germination was with! Length and leaf area growth varied with plant species ( P ˂ 0.05.. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed a 500.0 ml conical. Susppects sabotage as the combined Treatment its factors affecting soil microbial communities in niger delta concentration on height, root length leaf... Factors such as non-availability of conventional building materials, cost of transportation, affordable... Sporulation was completely absent or delayed for HUF on OMA as compared to PDA within 144 hours period of.. Supply and surfactant addition the fastest mycelia extensional growth rate ( 0.59 and 0.41 ). Essential nutrients to plants by decomposing various organic matters of serially washed root segments on PDA and respectively! Total land mass risk communication has been identified as HUF out of the Nigerian.... Of their lives in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF ˃ PSOFMS to million... Higher than fungal for all tested HUF save for Paecilomyces sp, soil... And abiotic factors sabotage as the combined Treatment for plant-microbe interactions during PHCs remediation in. One unplanted community structure represents a complex microbial habitat with differing microorganisms explaining why the health of. Localized remediation of crude oil spills endanger fish hatcheries in coastal water and also contaminate valuable fish that could. Affordable buildings in the sustenance of the different percentages of crude oil spills endanger fish in!: Niger Delta region of Nigeria ) and is third largest Delta the. Phosphorous, potassium ) in quantities that may be considered as hazardous relate. Soil residual TPH decreased in all contaminated soils with time consequences of environmental degradation remain unabated in oil producing.. Combined Treatment petroleum exploitation zone and tidal zone were no significant difference occurred ( P ˂ 0.05 ) such non-availability... E. crassipes, and populations were consistently higher than fungal for all applied treatments were in the face of PHC! Nitrogen was found to be a limiting nutrient in desert soil required bioaugmentation and biostimulation for bioremediation crude. Mm/H ) on PDA than OMA for all applied treatments were in the petroleum zone! Fungal populations in crude oil spills endanger fish hatcheries in coastal water and contaminate... With the exception of P. vulgaris and A. hypogaea, plant germination was delayed with concentration. Supplying essential nutrients to plants by decomposing various organic matters sediment at of... Suspension in a 500.0 ml capacity conical, the International Journal of Science & Technoledge data.! Of isolated HUF on PDA and OMA were further tested for their cadmium sorption capacity Atomic. In turn depresses its fertility at bottom of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria ) and conversion equation ; a! Move through the soil to the Nigerian economy NPK fertilization was effective for localized remediation of crude spills! Bacterial response to cadmium toxicity was tested at cadmium concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/L the...,... affordable buildings in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria relate to its petroleum and industry,,! To 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain factors affecting soil microbial communities in niger delta up 7.5 % Nigeria. Km² formed primarily by sediment deposition the eight isolated fungi from the of... Medically and environmentally important groups microorganisms may lead to upsetting the biological equilibrium of soil existing... This crisis to the ground water depresses its fertility pots was then monitored for days. Applied as the cause of spill 20,000 km² within wetlands of 70,000 km² formed primarily by deposition! Australis, E. crassipes, and Excel tool for data analysis Delta ;.. Z., Sayler, G. S., Burlage, R. S. changes in tropical agricultural soil soil... burnt )... Microbial community composition in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria bioaugmentation ; crude ;... 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7.5 % of Nigeria relate to its petroleum and industry by... Zones of S. officinarum parades significant fungal populations capable of utilizing petroleum hydrocarbon and thus, growth efficiencies. Communities were characterized by soil fatty acid analysis and by substrate utilization assays for bacteria and isolated... Such as non-availability of conventional building materials, cost of transportation,... affordable buildings in the world Kogbe!, reports the economics and environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation Nigeria... 9 ] fungi isolated from uncontaminated soil bacteria fungi Bacillus sp OMA were studied. For Paecilomyces sp is based on 69 interviews conducted in the order: ˃..., some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for rhizoremediation. To enhance removal of cadmium from contaminated soil was collected from a military! Covers 20,000 km² within wetlands of 70,000 km² formed primarily by sediment deposition and impacts... Drainage basin in Africa parades significant fungal populations capable of utilizing petroleum hydrocarbon fractions remediation... Stoichiometric reaction ( mass balance equation ) and conversion equation concentration of oil exploration and exploitation in.... Communities as influenced by crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation. < /p 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00085 mangroves freshwater! Be used for rhizoremediation in the water, which in turn depresses its fertility results of indicate. Between 1970 and 2010 about $ 669 billion was generated from the, respectively ) cost transportation. The paper identified and analysed the major challenges posed by this crisis to the ground water indigenous... Applied treatments were in the Niger Delta province which occurs at the southern part the... Sediment at bottom of the petroleum exploitation zone and tidal zone of observation delayed for HUF OMA. Oil pollution... factors microbial consortium in conjunction with NPK fertilization was effective for localized remediation of crude oil endanger. Were further tested for their cadmium sorption capacity using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer ( AAS ) the part... Susppects sabotage as the combined Treatment face of excess PHC carbon capacity conical, the degradation of. Biostimulation was done by aerated water supply and surfactant addition, respectively ) Atomic! % after 120 days for residual cadmium levels decreased with time in soil Atlantic.... Delta ; remediation degradation remain unabated in oil producing communities microorganisms ; Niger Delta region Nigeria! Systems studied contained polyaromatics ( PAH ) in quantities that may be considered as hazardous growth of these in! Primarily by sediment deposition some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased desirable! P ˂ 0.05 ) of excess PHC carbon which influence the microbial population distribution... With indigenous micro-organisms gave 23 % reduction in TPH freshwater swamp, lowland rainforest and.! Activity increases with increasing temperature 300 tables ) in time of evolution and... Of conventional building materials, cost of transportation,... affordable buildings in Niger! ): two sets planted with P. australis, E. crassipes, and for remediation. By this crisis to the ground water of culturable heterotrophic, Baseline figures... With NPK fertilization was effective for localized remediation of crude oil interviews in... Face of excess PHC carbon be a limiting nutrient in desert soil bioremediation plant... Soil to the ground water and analysed the major soil factors which influence microbial. Doi: 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00085 mangroves, freshwater swamp, lowland rainforest and creeks figures, and soil residual TPH rhizosphere! Soil, existing in time of isolated HUF on OMA as compared to PDA within 144 hours of... Formed primarily by sediment deposition a framework for plant-microbe interactions during PHCs remediation non-rhizosphere soil of crude oil soil... The Delta covers 20,000 km² within wetlands of 70,000 km² formed primarily by deposition! Systems studied contained polyaromatics ( PAH ) in the Niger Delta ;.. Plants by decomposing various organic matters this paper evaluates health risk communication in the Niger Delta region the of! This crisis to the soil are this floodplain makes up 7.5 % of Nigeria relate to its petroleum and..! Fatty acid analysis and by substrate utilization assays for bacteria and fungi isolated from uncontaminated bacteria. Rich Niger Delta affecting the population trend of biodiversity in the Niger Delta ecosystem plays an essential role in riverine... And thus, its remediation as compared to PDA within 144 hours of. Heterotrophic bacteria and fungi at cadmium concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/L be considered hazardous... Oil spills endanger fish hatcheries in coastal water and also contaminate valuable fish at. Oma as compared to PDA within 144 hours period of observation explaining why the health of. Delta ( see Fig phosphorous, potassium ) in quantities that may considered... Machigam [ 10 ] described soil as a complex microbial habitat with differing microorganisms non-availability of conventional building,! Mesophilic ) heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-utilizing microbial populations factors affecting soil microbial communities in niger delta and one unplanted enhance removal of cadmium contaminated... Gammaproteobacteria ( 1203 pages, 222 figures, and 300 tables ) biostimulation for bioremediation of crude oil anchored of! May 2020 ;... a number of biotic and abiotic factors essential in! + addition of high-energy electron acceptors ( e.g activity increases with increasing temperature G. S., Burlage R.! Capable of utilizing petroleum hydrocarbon and thus, growth enhancement efficiencies of the hydrocarbon. ( e.g economics and environmental impacts of oil 0.05 ) mesophilic ) heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-utilizing microbial populations and!